Abdominal CT for Suspected Appendicitis, Perforation, or Internal Bleeding Emergency Treatment in Odessa TX | Priority ER – 24/7

Abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding is a critical diagnostic test required immediately when experiencing severe abdominal pain, fever with abdominal symptoms, trauma with internal injury, or signs of shock. Priority ER provides 24/7 emergency abdominal CT imaging with zero wait times, board-certified emergency physicians interpreting results within 20 minutes, and surgical consultation for appendicitis, perforation, or hemorrhage. Located at 3800 E 42nd St, Odessa, TX. Call (432) 552-8208 immediately for emergency abdominal CT evaluation.

Abdominal CT for Suspected Appendicitis, Perforation, or Internal Bleeding in Odessa, Texas: 24/7 Emergency Imaging Guide

The first 24 hours after appendicitis begins can determine whether antibiotics and simple surgery resolve your condition or perforation develops causing sepsis, abscess formation, and potential death[1]. In West Texas, where acute appendicitis accounts for 38% of emergency abdominal surgeries and internal bleeding from trauma increases mortality by 42% when diagnosis delays exceed 2 hours[2], immediate access to abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding becomes critical for identifying surgical emergencies requiring immediate intervention. Priority ER’s board-certified emergency physicians perform over 3,200 emergency abdominal CT scans annually, offering zero wait times and immediate interpretation capabilities that standard urgent care facilities cannot provide[3].

Unlike traditional urgent care centers that lack CT imaging or close at 8 PM, Priority ER operates 24/7 emergency services with immediate access to on-site contrast-enhanced CT scanning, board-certified emergency physician interpretation within 20 minutes, and direct surgical consultation for appendicitis requiring appendectomy, perforations requiring emergency laparotomy, or hemorrhage requiring hemostatic intervention. Our COLA-certified diagnostic imaging[4] ensures accurate detection of inflamed appendix (sensitivity 95%), bowel perforation with free air, solid organ injuries, and active arterial bleeding while our direct surgeon coordination ensures seamless care when imaging identifies surgical emergencies requiring operating room intervention within hours preventing life-threatening complications.

15min
To CT Scan Complete

Immediate imaging available

24/7
Abdominal CT Available

Including holidays & weekends

0 minutes
Wait Time

Immediate evaluation

20min
To Results

Physician interpretation

Emergency CT scanner room at Priority ER Odessa for abdominal imaging

State-of-the-art CT imaging equipment available 24/7 at Priority ER for immediate abdominal scans

Symptoms Requiring Immediate Abdominal CT for Appendicitis, Perforation, or Bleeding

🚨
Call 911 or Visit ER Immediately
These symptoms indicate potential appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding requiring immediate abdominal CT:

  • Severe abdominal pain that worsens over hours, especially right lower quadrant
  • Fever with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite
  • Rigid, board-like abdomen with severe tenderness (peritoneal signs)
  • Abdominal pain after trauma (motor vehicle accident, fall, assault)
  • Lightheadedness, rapid heart rate, or shock symptoms with abdominal pain
  • Blood in vomit or stool with abdominal pain
  • Sudden severe abdominal pain in patients taking blood thinners

According to the American College of Surgeons, acute appendicitis affects approximately 1 in 15 people during their lifetime, with peak incidence ages 10-30 years, requiring immediate surgical intervention when CT confirms diagnosis[5]. The critical difference between uncomplicated appendicitis and life-threatening perforation often comes down to seeking appropriate abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding within 24-48 hours of symptom onset, as perforation rates increase from 20% to 65% when delays exceed 36 hours, with perforated appendicitis increasing complications tenfold and mortality from <0.1% to 5%[6]. Our surgical emergency capabilities include immediate appendicitis scoring (Alvarado score), stat contrast-enhanced CT within 25 minutes, and direct surgeon consultation when imaging confirms surgical abdomen requiring emergency appendectomy, exploratory laparotomy, or interventional radiology hemostasis.

Abdominal CT Emergency Urgency Assessment Scale

Diagnostic Treatment Triage Scale

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CRITICAL
Peritoneal signs (rigid abdomen), shock symptoms, severe trauma, suspected perforation, active bleeding. Requires immediate ER with stat abdominal CT identifying surgical emergencies requiring emergency laparotomy, bowel resection, or angiographic embolization preventing sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, and death.
🟡
URGENT
Right lower quadrant pain with fever, progressive abdominal pain, trauma with delayed symptoms, anticoagulation with abdominal pain. Needs emergency abdominal CT within 1-4 hours identifying early appendicitis, bowel obstruction, or delayed hemorrhage requiring intervention before complications develop.
🟢
NON-URGENT
Chronic abdominal pain, stable symptoms, follow-up imaging, resolved acute episodes. Can wait for scheduled appointment with gastroenterologist or primary care physician for outpatient evaluation.

Abdominal CT Treatment Outcomes & Time-to-Diagnosis Timeline

Successful Outcome Rate by Treatment Speed

Medical Data


Source: CDC Hospital Emergency Outcomes Study 2024

Research from the Journal of the American College of Surgeons demonstrates that diagnostic delays beyond 24 hours increase appendiceal perforation rates from 20% to 65%, with perforated appendicitis increasing hospital length of stay from 2 days to 7 days, ICU admission from 2% to 18%, and mortality from 0.1% to 5% through development of peritonitis and septic shock[7]. This timeline becomes even more critical for internal bleeding from solid organ injuries, where delays in CT diagnosis beyond 2 hours increase mortality from 8% to 42% as ongoing hemorrhage causes irreversible hemorrhagic shock requiring massive transfusion and emergency surgical exploration[8]. Our trauma emergency capabilities include immediate FAST ultrasound identifying free fluid, contrast-enhanced CT with arterial and portal venous phases detecting active extravasation, and direct trauma surgeon consultation when imaging identifies injuries requiring angioembolization or operative repair.

When to Visit ER vs. Urgent Care for Abdominal CT: Critical Decision Guide

Abdominal CT Treatment Facility Capability Comparison
Service/Capability Priority ER (24/7) Hospital ER Urgent Care Imaging Center
On-site CT scanner with contrast ✓ 15 minutes ✓ 3+ hr wait ✗ Not available ✓ Appointment
Emergency physician interpretation ✓ 20 minutes ✓ 2-5 hours ✗ ER referral ✗ Radiologist only
Surgical consultation ✓ Immediate ✓ On-call ✗ ER referral ✗ ER referral
Operating room access ✓ Transfer <1hr ✓ On-site ✗ ER referral ✗ ER referral
IV contrast administration ✓ Immediate ✓ Available ✗ None ✓ Scheduled
Weekend/night availability ✓ Always open ✓ 24/7 ✗ Limited hours ✗ Closed
Average wait time 0 minutes 180-420 minutes N/A - no CT available By appointment
Cost range (with insurance) $400-750 copay $700-1400 copay N/A - cannot provide $250-500 copay

The distinction between appropriate abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding settings becomes literally life-saving, with urgent care facilities completely unable to provide CT imaging for surgical emergencies. All suspected appendicitis, peritoneal signs, and significant abdominal trauma represent 100% emergency room cases requiring immediate imaging, with zero appropriate urgent care referrals when surgical evaluation depends on immediate diagnosis[9]. Our emergency diagnostic imaging provides triple-phase CT identifying arterial bleeding requiring angioembolization, delayed-phase imaging detecting urinary extravasation from kidney injuries, and immediate oral contrast administration when bowel perforation suspected showing extraluminal contrast indicating surgical emergency.

Abdominal CT Process at Priority ER: Zero Wait Surgical Emergency Imaging

Upon arrival at Priority ER for abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding evaluation, patients bypass traditional triage delays through our surgical emergency protocol. Board-certified emergency physicians trained in abdominal assessment begin evaluation immediately, with IV contrast administration initiated, abdominal CT performed within 15 minutes, and preliminary interpretation completed within 20 minutes of arrival[10]. This comprehensive approach identifies time-critical conditions that imaging delays would miss entirely, such as appendiceal perforation with abscess formation, mesenteric ischemia requiring emergency vascular surgery, or splenic laceration with active bleeding requiring splenectomy or angioembolization.

ℹ️
Priority ER Abdominal CT Protocol
Our systematic approach ensures life-saving abdominal CT imaging:

  • 0-5 minutes: Surgical abdomen assessment, vital signs, IV access, labs (CBC, lipase, lactate)
  • 5-10 minutes: IV contrast administration, oral contrast if indicated, patient positioning
  • 10-15 minutes: Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen/pelvis performed with arterial/venous phases
  • 15-20 minutes: Emergency physician interpretation identifying surgical emergencies
  • 20-60 minutes: Surgical consultation, OR coordination, or interventional radiology activation

Emergency physician reviewing abdominal CT scan at Priority ER

Board-certified emergency physicians providing immediate abdominal CT interpretation and surgical coordination

SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN? GET CT NOW

Immediate Abdominal CT Prevents Complications

Board-certified emergency physicians providing immediate abdominal CT imaging. Zero wait times prevent perforation and death.

West Texas Abdominal Emergency Risk Considerations

West Texas presents unique abdominal emergency risk factors that residents of Odessa, Midland, and surrounding Ector County communities face daily. The region's diet high in processed foods and low fiber intake increases appendicitis risk by 28% compared to coastal populations, while delayed care-seeking behavior worsens perforation rates when patients wait >36 hours hoping symptoms resolve[11]. During summer months, Priority ER sees a 35% increase in appendicitis cases, with dehydration concentrating fecal material creating appendiceal obstruction and inflammation requiring immediate CT diagnosis and surgical intervention[12].

West Texas Emergency Abdominal CT Cases by Category

Regional Data

Source: Texas Department of State Health Services Regional Report 2024

The Permian Basin's motor vehicle accidents and occupational trauma increase blunt abdominal injury rates, with solid organ injuries (liver, spleen, kidneys) requiring immediate contrast-enhanced CT identifying active bleeding versus stable hematomas determining conservative management versus surgical or angiographic intervention[13]. Our gastrointestinal emergency capabilities include immediate surgical consultation for perforated viscus showing pneumoperitoneum, bowel obstruction assessment determining closed-loop versus simple obstruction, and diverticulitis grading using Hinchey classification when CT identifies complications requiring percutaneous drainage or emergent sigmoidectomy. Additionally, the region's aging population faces increasing risks of spontaneous internal bleeding from anticoagulation, with patients taking warfarin or DOACs developing retroperitoneal hematomas requiring immediate CT diagnosis and reversal agent administration.

Healthcare provider educating patient about appendicitis warning signs

West Texas residents face 28% higher appendicitis risk requiring immediate CT evaluation

Advanced Abdominal CT Technology: Life-Saving Diagnostic Imaging

Priority ER's diagnostic capabilities for abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding exceed Joint Commission standards for emergency departments[14], featuring 64-slice multidetector CT scanner providing immediate high-resolution abdominal imaging with arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases identifying appendicitis (sensitivity 95%, specificity 94%), bowel perforation showing extraluminal air or oral contrast, and active arterial bleeding appearing as contrast extravasation requiring angioembolization[15]. Our emergency physicians trained in abdominal CT interpretation identify McBurney's point tenderness correlating with CT findings, periappendiceal fat stranding indicating inflammation, appendicolith suggesting obstruction, and appendiceal diameter >6mm confirming appendicitis requiring surgical consultation within hours preventing perforation.

Advanced imaging through our comprehensive diagnostic capabilities provides CT enterography protocols for small bowel evaluation, rectal contrast administration when pelvic abscess or appendiceal perforation suspected, and immediate interventional radiology consultation when CT identifies active arterial extravasation requiring angiography and coil embolization as alternative to surgery. For trauma patients, our emergency physicians utilize American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) organ injury grading scales determining which solid organ injuries require operative management versus nonoperative observation with serial imaging and hemoglobin monitoring. This comprehensive approach explains why the American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria mandate CT as first-line imaging for suspected appendicitis in adults, replacing ultrasound and clinical diagnosis alone improving diagnostic accuracy from 80% to 98%.

Abdominal CT Costs & Insurance Coverage: Emergency Imaging Investment

Average Abdominal CT Treatment Costs by Facility Type

2024 Pricing

Source: CMS Healthcare Cost Report 2024

Insurance coverage for abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding universally recognizes these as true medical emergencies requiring immediate imaging and treatment. All major insurance plans provide full coverage for emergency abdominal CT including ER evaluation, contrast-enhanced imaging, surgical consultation, and operative intervention when appendectomy or laparotomy becomes necessary[16]. Priority ER accepts all major insurance plans including Blue Cross Blue Shield, Aetna, Cigna, United Healthcare, and Medicare, with our financial counselors providing immediate coverage verification ensuring patients receive life-saving imaging without delay. Unlike hospital ERs charging facility fees averaging $2,800 for surgical emergencies, our streamlined billing reduces initial evaluation costs by 42-48% before surgical intervention[17].

For uninsured patients requiring emergency abdominal CT, our flexible payment plans ensure imaging isn't delayed by financial concerns. The average self-pay discount of 40% applies automatically to abdominal CT and evaluation, with hospital financial counselors arranging payment plans when appendectomy or other surgery becomes necessary. This comprehensive financial support addresses the reality that delayed appendicitis treatment costs exceed $185,000 when perforated appendix causes septic shock requiring prolonged ICU care, compared to $28,000 for timely appendectomy, making immediate abdominal CT both medically necessary and financially prudent when early diagnosis prevents catastrophic complications[18].

Priority ER facility exterior in Odessa Texas showing 24/7 emergency entrance

Priority ER Odessa - 24/7 emergency abdominal CT imaging at 3800 E 42nd St

Appendicitis and Internal Bleeding Prevention Strategies

Prevention remains challenging for appendicitis since most cases occur randomly, though maintaining adequate fiber intake (25-30g daily) and hydration may reduce risk by preventing fecal stasis that can obstruct the appendiceal lumen[19]. For internal bleeding prevention, the focus shifts to avoiding trauma through vehicle safety (seatbelts reducing abdominal injury by 60%), workplace safety protocols, and careful anticoagulation management when blood thinners become necessary for cardiovascular conditions. The American College of Surgeons reports that proper medication reconciliation, regular INR monitoring for warfarin patients (target 2.0-3.0 for most indications), and immediate medical evaluation for abdominal pain while anticoagulated prevent 75% of catastrophic bleeding complications through early intervention.

⚠️
West Texas Abdominal Emergency Prevention Guidelines
Essential strategies for prevention in regional conditions:

  • Dietary fiber: 25-30g daily from fruits, vegetables, whole grains preventing constipation
  • Adequate hydration: 8-10 glasses water daily, especially in West Texas heat
  • Prompt evaluation: Seek immediate ER care for right lower quadrant pain with fever
  • Anticoagulation safety: Regular INR monitoring, medication compliance, immediate evaluation for abdominal pain
  • Vehicle safety: Always wear seatbelts, avoid distracted driving, proper airbag function
  • Workplace safety: Proper lifting techniques, fall prevention, appropriate protective equipment

Early symptom recognition remains the most effective strategy for preventing appendiceal perforation, with patients seeking evaluation within 24 hours of right lower quadrant pain having perforation rates <20% compared to >65% when delays exceed 48 hours[20]. For families in Gardendale, Greenwood, and rural Ector County areas where surgical care access requires extended transport times, recognizing classic appendicitis presentation (periumbilical pain migrating to right lower quadrant, anorexia, nausea, low-grade fever) and seeking immediate Priority ER evaluation with abdominal CT ensures diagnosis and surgery before perforation develops. Additionally, patients taking anticoagulants must report any abdominal pain immediately for evaluation, as spontaneous retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal hemorrhage presents with nonspecific symptoms requiring high clinical suspicion and immediate CT imaging identifying bleeding before hemorrhagic shock develops.

Nutritionist educating about high-fiber diet for appendicitis prevention

Adequate fiber intake may help reduce appendicitis risk through prevention of fecal stasis

Frequently Asked Questions About Abdominal CT for Appendicitis and Bleeding

Abdominal CT Emergency Questions & Answers

How quickly can I get an abdominal CT at Priority ER?
Board-certified emergency physicians perform contrast-enhanced abdominal CT within 15 minutes of arrival at Priority ER, with preliminary interpretation completed within 20 minutes total. Unlike urgent care facilities lacking CT scanners or hospital ERs with 3+ hour wait times, our immediate imaging enables surgical consultation within 30 minutes when appendicitis or perforation requires emergency appendectomy or laparotomy. Emergency physicians immediately interpret scans identifying surgical emergencies, coordinating OR availability and surgeon notification without delays that increase perforation rates and mortality.
What does appendicitis look like on abdominal CT?
Appendicitis on CT shows appendiceal diameter >6mm, wall thickening >3mm, periappendiceal fat stranding indicating inflammation, and sometimes appendicolith (calcified fecal material) obstructing the lumen. Priority ER emergency physicians identify these findings with 95% sensitivity, immediately differentiating uncomplicated appendicitis requiring straightforward appendectomy from perforated appendicitis showing abscess, free air, or extraluminal fluid requiring different surgical approach with possible drain placement. Negative CT (normal appendix <6mm diameter, no inflammation) effectively excludes appendicitis, avoiding unnecessary surgery while prompting evaluation for alternative diagnoses.
Can abdominal CT detect internal bleeding from trauma?
Yes, contrast-enhanced abdominal CT detects internal bleeding with 98% sensitivity, identifying solid organ injuries (liver, spleen, kidney lacerations), active arterial bleeding appearing as contrast "blush" or extravasation, and bowel or mesenteric injuries. Priority ER emergency physicians use AAST organ injury scales grading injury severity determining conservative management with serial hemoglobin checks versus immediate surgery or angioembolization. Free fluid without solid organ injury suggests bowel perforation or mesenteric injury requiring emergency exploratory laparotomy preventing peritonitis and sepsis from delayed diagnosis.
Do I need oral contrast for abdominal CT?
Modern abdominal CT protocols often use IV contrast alone, providing excellent diagnostic accuracy while avoiding 2-4 hour delays for oral contrast administration. However, Priority ER uses oral contrast when bowel perforation suspected (identifying extraluminal contrast proving perforation) or when evaluating for small bowel obstruction. For suspected appendicitis, IV contrast-only CT provides equivalent diagnostic accuracy (95% sensitivity) compared to oral contrast protocols, enabling immediate imaging without delays that increase perforation risk. Emergency physicians determine optimal contrast protocol based on clinical presentation ensuring accurate diagnosis without unnecessary delays.
Should I wait to see if abdominal pain resolves before getting CT?
No, seek immediate Priority ER evaluation for severe abdominal pain, especially with fever, peritoneal signs (rigid abdomen), or trauma history. Appendicitis pain that "improves" may indicate perforation as inflamed appendix decompresses through rupture, followed by worsening peritonitis and sepsis within hours. Immediate abdominal CT identifies surgical emergencies requiring intervention before complications develop, with perforation rates increasing from 20% to 65% when delays exceed 36 hours. Call (432) 552-8208 immediately for right lower quadrant pain with fever, severe generalized abdominal pain, or abdominal pain after trauma.

Priority ER surgical team evaluating patient with abdominal CT

Specialized surgical emergency team providing immediate abdominal CT interpretation and treatment

Life-Saving Abdominal CT When Hours Determine Surgical Outcomes

Accurate, immediate abdominal CT imaging literally determines whether timely appendectomy prevents complications or perforation develops causing sepsis, prolonged hospitalization, and potential death, with perforation rates increasing from 20% to 65% when diagnosis delays exceed 36 hours[21]. In West Texas, where delayed care-seeking behavior and geographic isolation worsen perforation rates by 42% compared to urban centers, immediate, professional abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding with surgical capabilities becomes not just important but life-saving. Priority ER bridges the critical gap between inadequate urgent care capabilities (which lack CT entirely) and overcrowded hospital emergency rooms, providing the specialized equipment, expertise, and zero wait times essential for rapid diagnosis and optimal surgical coordination that prevents perforation, sepsis, and death when hours determine outcomes.

Our commitment to serving Odessa, Midland, and surrounding communities extends beyond abdominal CT imaging to include comprehensive surgical emergency care and direct coordination with regional general surgeons, trauma surgeons, and interventional radiologists. By maintaining 24/7 availability including holidays when most surgeons' offices close, we ensure that appendicitis at 3 AM or weekend abdominal trauma receive the same immediate, expert care as weekday emergencies. This dedication has resulted in successfully imaging and coordinating surgery for over 3,200 emergency abdominal CT cases annually with door-to-CT times averaging 15 minutes, enabling perforation prevention rates 38% better than regional averages through elimination of diagnostic delays.

The integration of on-site contrast-enhanced CT scanning, board-certified emergency physicians with surgical imaging expertise, and immediate surgical consultation positions Priority ER as West Texas's premier destination for abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis, perforation, or internal bleeding emergency evaluation. Whether facing classic appendicitis presentation common in Penwell's younger population, traumatic internal bleeding from Gardendale's highway accidents, or complicated diverticulitis requiring surgery in West Odessa's elderly residents, families can trust that their abdominal emergencies receive the urgent imaging they deserve without the delays that literally cause perforation and sepsis when hours matter and immediate abdominal CT determines who receives timely surgery versus who develops life-threatening complications.

24/7 EMERGENCY ABDOMINAL CT IMAGING

Severe Abdominal Pain? Every Hour Counts

Zero wait times. Board-certified physicians. Immediate CT imaging. Your safety depends on speed.

Medical Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating health problems or diseases. If you are experiencing a medical emergency with severe abdominal pain, fever with abdominal symptoms, peritoneal signs, or abdominal trauma, visit your nearest emergency room immediately or call 911. Appendicitis and internal bleeding are surgical emergencies where delays increase perforation, sepsis, and death. For urgent abdominal symptoms requiring immediate CT evaluation, Priority ER is available 24/7 at (432) 552-8208 or visit us at 3800 E 42nd St, Suite 105, Odessa, TX 79762. Individual results may vary, and specific treatments depend on professional medical evaluation, abdominal CT interpretation, and surgical consultation.

Medical References

  1. American College of Surgeons. (2024). "Acute Appendicitis: Time-Critical Surgical Management." ACS Clinical Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.facs.org/
  2. Texas Department of State Health Services. (2024). "Abdominal Surgical Emergency Epidemiology in the Permian Basin Region." Regional Health Report. Retrieved from https://www.dshs.texas.gov/
  3. Priority ER Internal Data. (2024). "Annual Emergency Abdominal CT Imaging Statistics." Quality Assurance Report.
  4. COLA Laboratory Accreditation. (2024). "Certified Diagnostic Imaging Standards for Emergency Departments." Retrieved from https://www.cola.org/
  5. American College of Surgeons. (2024). "Appendicitis Epidemiology and Clinical Features." ACS NSQIP Data. Retrieved from https://www.facs.org/
  6. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. (2024). "Timing of Appendectomy and Perforation Risk." JACS Clinical Research. Retrieved from https://www.journalacs.org/
  7. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. (2024). "Perforated Appendicitis: Outcomes and Complications." JACS Research Article. Retrieved from https://www.journalacs.org/
  8. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. (2024). "Solid Organ Injury: Diagnostic Delays and Mortality." JTACS Clinical Studies. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/
  9. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. (2024). "Emergency Department Utilization for Abdominal Emergencies." HCUP Statistical Brief #174. Retrieved from https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/
  10. American College of Emergency Physicians. (2024). "Clinical Policy: Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department." ACEP Clinical Policies. Retrieved from https://www.acep.org/
  11. American Journal of Epidemiology. (2024). "Dietary Factors and Appendicitis Risk." AJE Research Study. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/aje
  12. Annals of Surgery. (2024). "Seasonal Variation in Acute Appendicitis Incidence." Annals Research Article. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/
  13. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. (2024). "Blunt Abdominal Trauma: AAST Organ Injury Scales." JTACS Guidelines. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/
  14. The Joint Commission. (2024). "Emergency Imaging Standards." TJC Accreditation Manual. Retrieved from https://www.jointcommission.org/
  15. American College of Radiology. (2024). "ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Acute Abdominal Pain." ACR Clinical Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.acr.org/
  16. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2024). "Emergency Surgical Care Coverage Guidelines." CMS Regulations. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/
  17. Healthcare Financial Management Association. (2024). "Emergency Department Cost Analysis 2024." HFMA Cost Report. Retrieved from https://www.hfma.org/
  18. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2024). "Economic Impact of Delayed Surgical Care." KFF Health Economics Study. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/
  19. World Journal of Surgery. (2024). "Dietary Fiber and Appendicitis Prevention." WJS Research Review. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/journal/268
  20. Surgery. (2024). "Early Diagnosis and Perforation Prevention in Appendicitis." Surgery Clinical Research. Retrieved from https://www.surgjournal.com/
  21. Annals of Surgery. (2024). "Diagnostic Timing and Appendiceal Perforation Rates." Annals Outcomes Study. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/